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A new study published in the Journal of Nature looked at how dopamine dynamics are dispensable for movement but promote reward responses. “We tested whether rapid dopamine dynamics are necessary for the behavioral functions of dopamine,” study author Pascal S. Kaeser told us. “There is conflicting literature on each dopamine function as to whether it is mediated by fast and precise signalling or by slower, tonic signaling.” [More]

Acknowledging employees for their achievements, contributions, or commitment to the company is a powerful motivator for continued performance. Many companies use incentive bonuses as part of their overall reward program, or as a way of getting an instant boost to employee performance. [More]

Did you know that adults need an average of seven to nine hours of sleep per day and that adolescents need eight to ten hours? According to statistics from the Institute of Medicine, American adults and teens aren’t getting enough sleep. How does lack of sleep or sleep deprivation affect our brain’s reward system? An average of 50-70 million American adults have a sleep disorder. The most common sleep disorder is insomnia. Approximately 30 per cent of American adults say they have experienced short term insomnia while 10 per cent say they experience chronic insomnia. A new study published in eNeuro looked at sleep-deprivation and rewards using mice and cocaine. [More]

Children with disabilities are absolutely wonderful people, but they can also be incredibly difficult for the family that has been blessed with them. They come with their own challenges and a number of other things that may come up as a result of the child's disability. [More]